Skincare & Cosmetics
Ingredient Checker

The science is nuanced. Studies show parabens can mimic estrogen and potentially disrupt hormones, which is why the EU has banned certain types like isopropylparaben and isobutylparaben. However, the FDA states parabens in cosmetics are generally safe at current concentration levels. Methylparaben, for example, has 2.5 million times weaker estrogenic activity than natural estrogen. If you have sensitive skin or prefer to err on the side of caution, paraben-free products are widely available.

The term "fragrance" or "parfum" on a label can hide dozens of undisclosed chemicals. According to the FDA, fragrance components may cause allergic reactions or sensitivities in some people. Dermatologists note that fragrance stimulates inflammatory responses leading to redness, itching, and sometimes hives. Dry and sensitive skin types are especially susceptible. If a product lists "fragrance" without specifying natural essential oils, it likely contains synthetic compounds that offer no skincare benefit.

The FDA requires ingredients to be listed in descending order by concentration. The first ingredient is always the highest percentage (usually water at 70-95%), and the next 4-5 ingredients make up the bulk of the formula. After the 1% threshold, brands can list ingredients in any order. Look for preservatives like phenoxyethanol near the end as a marker for the 1% line. Active ingredients in OTC products (like sunscreens) are listed separately with exact percentages.

Key ingredients to watch for include: formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (DMDM Hydantoin, Quaternium-15), certain parabens banned in the EU (isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben), sulfates if you have sensitive skin (SLS, SLES), chemical sunscreens linked to coral reef damage (oxybenzone, octinoxate), and phthalates often hidden under "fragrance." Always check ingredient lists rather than trusting marketing claims like "natural" or "clean," as these terms are not regulated.

Comedogenic refers to an ingredient's likelihood of clogging pores and causing acne. The scale runs from 0 (won't clog pores) to 5 (highly likely to cause breakouts). Ingredients rated 3-5 include coconut oil (4), cocoa butter (4), and wheat germ oil (5). However, comedogenic ratings are based on patch tests and individual reactions vary. Some people use "comedogenic" ingredients without issues, while others break out from supposedly safe ones. If you're acne-prone, start with non-comedogenic products and patch test new additions.

Sulfates like Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) are cleansing agents that create foam. They effectively remove dirt and oil but can strip natural moisture, leaving skin dry and irritated. SLES may also contain trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, a potential carcinogen. For most people, occasional sulfate exposure is fine, but those with eczema, rosacea, or sensitive skin often benefit from sulfate-free alternatives. Sulfates are also harsh on color-treated hair.

Not necessarily. "Clean beauty" has no legal definition or regulatory standard. Brands define it however they want—some exclude parabens, others focus on sustainability, and some make claims with no scientific backing. A product labeled "clean" or "natural" can still contain irritants or allergens. The only reliable approach is checking actual ingredient lists. Use tools like ours to verify what's in products rather than trusting marketing terms.

Certain ingredients should be avoided during pregnancy: retinoids (retinol, tretinoin, adapalene), high-dose salicylic acid (over 2%), hydroquinone, and chemical sunscreens like oxybenzone. Parabens and phthalates are also worth avoiding due to potential endocrine disruption. Safe alternatives include vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, azelaic acid, and mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide. Always consult your doctor before changing your skincare routine during pregnancy.

Several factors affect how your skin reacts: concentration matters (vitamin C at 20% irritates more than at 10%), combination effects (mixing acids can cause sensitivity), skin barrier health (compromised barriers react more), and individual sensitivity (you might be allergic to ingredients considered safe for most). Essential oils labeled as "natural" are common irritants. If a product causes burning, redness, or breakouts, discontinue use regardless of its ingredient profile.

Active ingredients are the ones that provide the claimed benefit and are regulated by the FDA in OTC products like sunscreens and acne treatments. They're listed separately with exact percentages. Inactive ingredients include everything else: water, emulsifiers, preservatives, fragrances, and texture agents. However, "inactive" doesn't mean ineffective—ingredients like hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, and peptides are often listed as inactive but provide significant skincare benefits.